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  • Thema von TomWilliams im Forum Biete\Suche anderes

    Limited Liability Company (LLC) is the most widely used legal form for companies in Germany. This type of legal form is often used by international businesses that have decided to set up a subsidiary in Germany; also local entrepreneurs choose this legal form for their small and medium businesses. It combines relatively few obligations with high flexibility to be set up in any sector of the economy. Limited Liability company is subject to corporate income tax, trade tax and solidarity surcharge. The minimum share capital for LLC is 25,000 EUR with at least 12,500 EUR being verifiably in the bank account at the time of the company registration. As the name of this legal form indicates, shareholders are liable only with the contributed capital not risking with their personal property.

    An LLC is generally managed as well as legally represented by the company's managing directors. Minimum one managing director has to be appointed for an LLC and he or she does not have to be neither a shareholder of the company nor a resident of Germany. Typically, shareholders are able to exercise direct influence on the company through binding instructions to the managing director. Before deciding if LLC is the most suitable legal form for your business, it should be kept in mind that this type of company's share cannot be offered for sale to the public. Meanwhile, also the administrative and financial inspections are less stringent in comparison to public limited companies.

    Mini-GmbH
    Another, highly similar legal form for businesses is called a mini-GmbH, which is basically the same as the regular LLC in terms of having limits on the shareholders' liability and no restrictions regarding a business it can undertake. Meanwhile it allows entrepreneurs to contribute less capital upon registration of the company in Germany, therefore risking with less funds at the beginning of operations. In fact, there is no minimum share capital required at all. Instead, 25% of the profits made by the company must be set aside in special reserves until the total amount of said reserves reaches 25,000 EUR. When this happens, the company is converted to regular LLC. Mini-GmbH allows young entrepreneurs to start their businesses with less capital at stake, therefore reducing their risk and decreasing the cost of capital until the business becomes successful and generates profits.

    German LLC taxation
    In general, taxes are enforced and administered by the local tax office. Local tax offices are usually responsible for administrating individual income tax, Corporate Income Tax (CIT) as well as Real Estate Transfer Tax (RETT) and Value Added Tax (VAT). While Trade Tax is based on the corporate taxes administered by local tax office, the enforcement of Trade Tax is under local municipalities' responsibility. German LLCs are generally subject to taxes explained below:

    Corporate Income Tax – levied on company's worldwide income, unless double tax treaty is in place. CIT rate is 15%, meanwhile a solidarity surcharge of 5.5% is levied on the amount of CIT. This results in aggregated tax rate of 15.825%;
    Trade Tax – levied by the municipality of the registered office of the business. Standard tax rate is 3.5%, while additional multiplier is supplemented in range of 200% to 500% and set by each municipality individually. This results in aggregated tax rate of 7% to 17.5%.
    Both taxes are assessed on an annual basis, however, companies are obliged to make prepayments of CIT and trade tax on a quarterly basis based on an estimated tax amount due of the current year.

  • Shelf company in LatviaDatum17.04.2024 16:28
    Thema von TomWilliams im Forum Ankündigungen

    Buy, register or acquire a new or finished company with the help of Confidus Solutions. We provide full business and legal support when starting a new business or purchasing a finished business. Our areas of expertise include commercial law, mergers and acquisitions, contract law, tort law, intellectual property law, tax law, accounting and other business-related services. For more than 10 years, Confidus Solutions has brought together business and legal experts dealing with acquisitions and company registration in more than 150 countries.

  • Thema von TomWilliams im Forum Biete

    Low Maintenance Cost Territories are jurisdictions with particularly favorable tax systems where the annual maintenance costs of the company are lower. An effective tax planning strategy often revolves around these jurisdictions, as low taxes and maintenance costs are among the most effective and straightforward cost-cutting tools for any business.

    Company maintenance

    In general, company maintenance includes any operations that ensure a business is active in its day-to-day endeavours. In addition, many favourable tax jurisdictions require every international company to undergo a company renewal procedure on an annual basis, by submitting a renewal application and paying a certain fee to the state. In terms of tax planning, company maintenance is normally understood as referring to the expenses associated with paying taxes, state fees, stamp duties, charges and any other costs that may arise from operating a company. These include, but are not limited to:

    Taxes

    Import/export duties

    Salaries

    License fees

    Office rental

    Stamp duties

    Annual renewal fee

    Notary fees

    State fees

    Maintenance usually does not include any expenses directly related to business transactions, such as the cost of raw materials to be used in production or the purchase of goods for resale.

    Depending on the jurisdiction, company maintenance can either be the biggest source of expenses (especially due to taxes and renewal fees) or a barely noticeable cost of conducting a profitable business. This is the main reason why jurisdictions with low maintenance costs are so popular with companies seeking to optimise their taxes.

    Steps to maintaining a businessThe first step to effective business continuity is financial planning, including tax planning. A company needs to identify its biggest source of costs and then find a way to gradually reduce those costs. One of the primary goals of effectively maintaining a business is to reduce its tax burden and annual renewal fees. The second step is to choose a jurisdiction with low maintenance costs and an advantageous tax regime. Confidus Solutions is happy to share our expertise on the matter to help you analyze the options and select the best jurisdiction to incorporate.
    The third step is to move the actual company or incorporation to the jurisdiction of your choice. The details of this process may vary by jurisdiction and legal business structure, so each company should carefully consider which business structure is most beneficial in its particular case.
    In the long term, maintenance costs are mainly related to wages, taxes and equipment. Wages are effectively determined by the cost of labor in each jurisdiction, which in turn is affected by work culture, levels of education and skills, level of competition, and so on. Taxes depend on the legal business structure and the activities undertaken by a company - some will require licenses and patents that need to be renewed periodically with costs. Finally, the supplies needed depend on the business, but typically include rent (providing premises), utility bills (providing heating, electricity, water, etc.), and supplies such as petrol and office supplies.

  • Company formation in PakistanDatum13.09.2023 16:36
    Thema von TomWilliams im Forum Biete\Suche anderes

    The development of telecommunications and economic globalization has made it possible for interested investors to form companies around the world. With proper research, financial investments, and legal backing, business ventures can safely be established in almost all of the world's countries. While it was once a complicated corporate endeavor to establish an international business, it is now commonplace with the help of experienced legal and economic advisers.

    The advantages of forming a company in a foreign country are as numerous as they are obvious. Many countries offer specific location-based benefits, ranging from natural resources and established infrastructure to favorable laws and regulations that encourage growth in a specific industry. Likewise, it may be difficult to establish a venture or acquisition in one's home country because of disadvantageous situations: political or regulatory environments, lack of resources, and more. In this situation, it is useful to consider an overseas option that offers greater opportunities for growth, development, and success.

    Company Registration in Pakistan
    When establishing a company in Pakistan, an interested investor must do due diligence with regard to legal processes, international regulations, and sufficient investment for success. It is critical to understand cultural, social, and political factors that will affect the establishment and growth of one's business; failure to do so could result in unintended consequences. Poorly-researched and tone-deaf international launches often end in disaster, as time, money, and energy is lost because of poor planning.

  • Thema von TomWilliams im Forum Biete\Suche anderes

    Canadian ready-made limited partnership (LP) acquisition Zitat vormerken[edit] Antworten
    There is one scenario, when Canadian legislation foresees a possibility to register a Canadian legal entity and operate within it with a zero tax rate. This is possible via a legal type of business, called Limited Partnership. LP is a partnership with two or more partners. Each LP is required to have at least two partners: General Partner and Limited Partner. Both types of partners can be either a private person, or a legal entity.

    A Canadian LP with foreign partners and no business activity in Canada is not liable to taxation in Canada. This is possible due to the fact, that Canadian tax legislation does not perceive an LP as a separate subject of taxation. Instead, taxes should be paid by the partners in their residence country. Since LP is not considered a Canadian resident for tax purposes, this legal entity is not entitled to advantages of Double Tax treaties between Canada and its partner countries.

    Possible applications of a Canadian LP holding structure
    There are several popular uses of Canadian LP:

    A regular company for business purposes in Canada, EU, US or any other regulated jurisdiction;
    An agent working under Sales Agency Agreement;
    IT support and software development services or other online based businesses, such as marketing, webstore, auction or website development services;
    A holding company due to beneficial tax exemption for LP.
    In addition to highly advantageous taxation environment for LPs, there are numerous other benefits to consider before deciding whether Canadian LP is the right choice for your business:

    Being a reputable Canadian company;
    No requirements regarding the residency of partners;
    No requirements for company secretary to be appointed;
    No requirements to file annual financial statements;
    Possibility to establish a one-man limited partnership, where one person is both – the general partner and the limited partner;
    No requirements regarding minimum authorized capital.
    Readymade limited partnership (LP) acquisition process
    If you are not familiar with Canadian company set-up requirements, or simply have no time to incorporate a new LP, you are able to acquire a ready-made, or shelf company. A ready-made company is a legal entity that has been registered some time ago, but no operational activity is taking place in this company, therefore, it is “sitting on the shelf”. When acquiring a shelf company, you are able to acquire a business with reputable age, which inspires more confidence among suppliers, partners, clients as well as financial institutions.

    Shelf companies in Canada generally are sold with the Articles of Incorporation, Certificate of Incorporation, Revenue Canada Tax Business ID number, Corporate Organizational Minutes as well as Resolutions, Corporate Minute Book, by-laws and finally – customized stock certificate. The ready-made company is organized according to the client’s wishes with shareholders, directors and officers indicated by him or her. In case you would like to change the company name, this can be easily done upon acquisition of the shelf company. There are three types of ready-made companies in Canada: Federal, BC and Ontario shelf companies. Each of them is different in terms of partner suitability and other requirements. For example, if you are a non-resident, you are allowed to purchase only a BC shelf company.

    Advantages of having a Canadian LP structure
    There are numerous benefits of acquiring a ready-made company. First of all, you are able to acquire an already established company without wasting your time on incorporation documentation and procedures. This also means that you are able to start trading as soon as the acquisition process is complete. Additionally, each company becomes more credible when it ages. You will be able to use this benefit when negotiating with partners, attracting new clients, as well as simply opening a bank account or acquiring a credit.

    How to purchase readymade Canadian LP?
    The easiest way to acquire a ready-made company is through a company that specialises in such services. Typically, these companies acquire inactive companies to keep them “on the shelf” until a potential buyer decides to acquire one of them. Additionally, most of these service providers also incorporate new companies and leave them for some period of time. You are able to acquire a ready-made company in four easy and straightforward steps:

    Go online and shop for the most suitable service provider depending on their service package, fees, possible client reviews, credibility and other aspects.
    Fill an application form and submit it along with all the necessary documents and other information.
    Pay all the service and government fees.
    Receive already complete company incorporation documents. From this moment, you are able to start trading.
    Generally, prices for ready-made companies differ among service providers and become higher with the age of the company. This is due to the fact that older companies take more time of maintenance and they become more credible over the years. Prices are typically calculated per month.

  • Liberties and freedom in SwedenDatum22.02.2023 11:38
    Thema von TomWilliams im Forum Biete\Suche anderes

    In terms of political and civil liberties, Sweden is 1st. Citizens in Sweden experience total freedom. The majority of countries where citizens enjoy wide civil liberties and political liberties are representative democracies, where officials are directly elected by the citizens to advocate for their needs and wants. Free countries are often backed by healthy economies and well-functioning governments. The companies of Sweden are 2 in terms of economic freedom. Citizens in Sweden are considered to be largely free when it comes to their economic decisions. While the government exercises some control over trade, citizens can still control their own finances and property. Corruption may exist, but it does not greatly impede economic growth or freedom. In terms of journalistic freedom, the Swedish media is in a 1. In Sweden, journalists are generally allowed to express a variety of opinions and there are a range of news sources. However, the government can criticize or disapprove of certain subjects or publications. This is considered satisfactory.

  • Demographics of IraqDatum19.01.2023 13:10
    Thema von TomWilliams im Forum Biete\Suche anderes

    The total population of Iraq is 39,339,753 people. The people of Iraq speak Arabic and Kurdish. The linguistic diversity of Iraq is diverse according to a fractionation scale, which for Iraq is 0.3694. The average age is about 21.5 years. Life expectancy in Iraq is 70. Female fertility rate in Iraq is 4.2. Around 27% of Iraq's population is obese. Ethnic diversity is diverse according to a fractionation scale, which for Iraq is 0.3689. Details of the language, religion, age, gender distribution and advancement of the people of Iraq can be found in the sections below, as well as the section on education in the country.

    Population
    In Iraq, the population density is 83 people per square kilometer (216 per square mile). Based on these statistics, this country is considered sparsely populated. The total population of Iraq is 39,339,753 people. Iraq has approximately 95,780 foreign immigrants. Immigrants in Iraq account for 0.1 percent of the total number of immigrants worldwide. Immigrants in Iraq account for 0.3 percent of the total number of immigrants worldwide. The ethnic diversity of Iraq is diverse according to an ethnicity-based fractionation scale. Ethnic Fractionation (EF) deals with the number, size, socioeconomic distribution, and geographic location of diverse cultural groups, usually within a state or some other demarcated area. Specific cultural characteristics can refer to language, skin color, religion, ethnicity, customs and traditions, history, or other distinctive criteria, alone or in combination. These characteristics are often used for social exclusion and power monopolization. The index of ethnic fractionation in Iraq is 0.3689. This means that there is some diversity in Iraq, although all people can still be divided into a relatively small number of major ethnic groups. EF is usually measured as 1 minus the Herfindahl concentration index of ethnolinguistic group proportions, which reflects the probability that two randomly drawn individuals from the population belong to different groups. The theoretical maximum of EF of 1 means that each person belongs to a different group. Read below the statistics of Iraq on the average age and gender distribution at different ages.

    Age
    The average age is about 21.5 years. The average age of men is 21.4, the average age of women is 21.6.

    Gender
    The sex ratio, or number of males per female (estimated at birth), is 1.05. It can be further broken down into the following categories: sex ratio below 15 - 1.03; sex ratio from 15 to 64 - 1.03; sex ratio over 64 - 0.9; Overall sex ratio - 1.02. The overall sex ratio differs from the sex ratio estimated at birth. This is because some newborns are included in the sex ratio estimated at birth, but die within the first few weeks of life and are not included in the overall sex ratio.

    Religion
    Iraq's majority religion is Islam, whose adherents make up 99% of all religious believers in the country. Islam (Arabic: الإسلام‎‎) is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion articulated through the Qur'an, a religious text believed to be the literal word of God (Allāh) by its followers and by the teachings and norms for the vast majority of followers becomes an example (called Sunna, Arabic سنة, composed of reports, called Hadith, Arabic حديث) of Muhammad, who is considered by most of them to be the last prophet of God. A follower of Islam is called a Muslim. Besides Islam, there are several other religions in the country. Other religions in Iraq are Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, folk religions, Judaism. Iraq's religious diversity is diverse according to a fractionation scale based on the number of religions in Iraq. The index of religious fractionation in Iraq is 0.4844. This score means that within the country there is one major religion and several other minor beliefs.

  • A UK trust: an EU trust solutionDatum05.11.2022 15:55
    Thema von TomWilliams im Forum Biete\Suche anderes

    Tax exemptions for UK trusts
    A UK trust can be fully exempt from income tax if the following conditions are met:

    One of the trustees is not a UK resident.
    All property/estate, shares and all other assets are located outside the UK.
    The beneficiaries are non-UK residents.
    The settlers are not based in the UK.
    In accordance with English/Welsh law, the first trustee must be a UK resident person or company. In most cases the trustee is a professional and licensed UK trustee service provider. In order to benefit from tax exemptions there must be an additional trustee resident outside the UK. This may be an offshore trust service provider or the client's legal representative or law firm.

    The main components of a UK trust
    Settlor
    The settlor establishes a trust and appoints the trustees. In doing so, he or she transfers full ownership of the assets to the trustees.
    Trustee(s)
    The trustees are responsible for administrating the assets in favour of the beneficiaries. They may receive an initial recommendation from the settlor on how to manage the trust (instructions can be indicated in the letter of wishes) and must ensure that the rights of the beneficiaries are protected. They have full control over the trust, but are not entitled to any income that it accumulates.

    Trust deed
    A formal trust deed sets out the arrangement between the settlor and the trustees and the terms of administration.
    Beneficiaries
    The beneficiaries are the individuals who benefit from the trust, and may be defined as the settlor’s children or future children. It is common practice to have discretionary beneficiaries, who are not informed in advance of their future and potential interest in the trust.
    Summary

    UK trusts can grant their owners a reliable and reputable onshore location. Structured properly, UK trusts can be very attractive in terms of taxation, security and the confidentiality of assets. English/Welsh law offer the protection of the UK legal system.

    This is a great solution for non-UK resident individuals, who own property and generate income outside the UK.

  • Geography of BermudaDatum02.10.2022 13:40
    Thema von TomWilliams im Forum Algemein

    Bermuda is considered a large nation due to its total area. Its total land area is 54 km² (about 21 mi²). The continental shelf of Bermuda is approximately 0 km². Bermuda is in North America. North America is entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely in the Western Hemisphere. North American countries include Canada, Mexico, and the United States, among others. Bermuda is not a landlocked country. It means it is bounded by at least one major body of water. The average elevation range of Bermuda is 38 m (125 ft).

    Neighbors
    The total length of land borders of Bermuda is 0 kilometers (~0 miles). Bermuda has no land borders and therefore no neighboring countries in the traditional sense.

    Cities
    The capital of Bermuda is Hamilton.

    Elevation
    The average elevation range of Bermuda is 38 m (125 ft). The highest point of Bermuda is Town Hill with an official height of 76 m (249 ft). The deepest point of Bermuda is the Atlantic. The difference in elevation between the highest (Town Hill) and lowest (Atlantic) points of Bermuda is 76 m (2 ft).

    Area
    The total land area of ​​Bermuda is 54 km² (about 21 mi²). and the total Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is 0 km² (~0 mi²). The continental shelf of Bermuda is approximately 0 km². Including the landmass and the EEZ, the total area of ​​Bermuda is approximately 54 km² (~21 mi²). Bermuda is considered a large nation due to its total area.

    Forest and farmland
    There are 11 km² of arable land in Bermuda, which makes up 20% of the country's total area.

    Read our climate section to learn what parameters affect this and other biomes in the country.

    Natural resources
    The most notable natural resources in Bermuda are limestone, pleasant climate.

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